Squalene that swims above the rest. By staying out of the sea.
For decades, much of the world’s squalene supply for vaccines has come from shark livers, a practice that threatens biodiversity and leaves pharma supply chains open to risk. Croda’s Sustainably Sourced Squalene is based on cutting-edge technology using synthetic biology to obtain squalene from a fermentation process. Purification expertise and manufacturing excellence lead to a pharmaceutical grade squalene suitable for vaccine formulations.
The right squalene keeps vaccines stable and the oceans wilder!
Our Sustainably Sourced Squalene is molecularly identical with shark-derived squalane. It remains stable after over 12 months of testing at various temperatures, allowing for cost-effective shipping and storage at ambient conditions.
Squalene that proves itself at every stage.
All specification limits required by the Ph. Eur. monograph 2805 for squalene adjuvant in vaccines are met by our highly purified squalene. Its purity exceeds the minimum requirements of the Ph. Eur. monograph with a purity of at least 99% and meets the stringent requirements of the vaccine industry.
Our Sustainably Sourced Squalene is available in GMP quality for vaccine manufacturing.
Sustainably sourced and sustainable for the supply chain.
This production process ensures a scalable and reliable supply chain while helping to protect shark populations, which play a vital role in maintaining healthy marine ecosystems.
Comprehensive data on the product carbon footprint and the use of natural resources are gladly provided upon request.
Squalene-based emulsions are used in licensed seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. Moreover, there are ongoing clinical development projects for prophylactic vaccines—such as those against tuberculosis, shingles, schistosomiasis, HIV, and other severe diseases—that combine squalene with a TLR4 agonist in their emulsion adjuvant.
Find more information like this in our Frequently Asked Questions here.
ORDER YOUR SAMPLE TODAY!
.jpg&mn=healthcare&w=768&xr=0&yr=0&xfp=6&yfp=6&hash=759CB83702D0BA63DE2DB96F3DEFB82519C138999FEC74AA)
Featured
Sustainably Sourced Squalene
Our Sustainably Sourced Squalene is based on cutting-edge technology using synthetic biology to obtain squalene from a fermentation process.
Non-shark derived, sustainably sourced Squalene
A history of supporting vaccines
As a key player in adjuvant development since 1939, our adjuvants have consistently been featured in countless peer-reviewed papers. Our leading R&D capabilities demonstrate our determination to advance drug delivery systems and novel vaccine adjuvants to tackle even more pathogens.
Dedicated to your vaccine success
Developing and manufacturing vaccines is a costly challenge. Our team of experts are committed to helping you choose the right adjuvant for your needs. Save time and money by leveraging our decades worth of experience.
Frequently asked questions
Squalene is a natural lipid belonging to the terpenoid family. Its name is derived from the Latin name squalus for shark.
Most plants, fungi, and animals produce squalene as a biochemical precursor in sterol biosynthesis, including cholesterol and steroid hormones in the human body.
Its major role currently is in influenza vaccines. It is utilised in squalene-based emulsion adjuvants in several seasonal vaccines such as FLUAD™ and FLUAD™ Tetra as well as pandemic preparedness vaccines such as Pandemrix™, Prepandrix™ and Humenza™.
Clinical development with vaccine formulations using a combination of PHAD™ and squalene as adjuvant system is ongoing. AAHI (The Access to Advanced Health Institute) has developed their GLA-SE* adjuvant formulation currently included in various vaccine development projects such as tuberculosis, malaria, HIV, schistosomiasis, and herpes zoster.
Currently, all marketed vaccines use shark-derived squalene.
*GLA = Glucopyranosyl Lipid A (equal to PHAD)
Squalene is not an adjuvant on its own. It is an important ingredient in some vaccine adjuvant systems.
It is incorporated in squalene-based emulsions, together with surfactants and other lipids. Tween™ 80, Span™ 85, Synperonic PE/F 68 (Poloxamer 188) or derivatives of phosphatidylcholine, which are available from Avanti (for example DSPC, DMPC, DLPC, DOPC). It can also be combined with PHAD™.
Contact our experts if you would like to discuss .
It is incorporated in squalene-based emulsions, together with surfactants and other lipids. Tween™ 80, Span™ 85, Synperonic PE/F 68 (Poloxamer 188) or derivatives of phosphatidylcholine, which are available from Avanti (for example DSPC, DMPC, DLPC, DOPC). It can also be combined with PHAD™.
Contact our experts if you would like to discuss .
In short, the benefits of squalene-based emulsions are as follows:
- Established safety profile.
- High tolerance in both adults and children.
- Increased vaccine immunogenicity.
- Dose sparing effects.
- Broadened cross-strain neutralisation in influenza vaccines.
As a terpenoid, squalene contains unsaturated bonds and is sensitive to oxidation. There are two options for protecting it:
a. Addition of vitamin E as an antioxidant.
b. Filling the product under a nitrogen blanket.
We have two variants available, squalene with and without vitamin E. Both variants will be under nitrogen blanket. The content of vitamin E, serving as an antioxidant, is between 400 and 600ppm. This amount of vitamin E is not sufficient for immunostimulatory activity.
a. Addition of vitamin E as an antioxidant.
b. Filling the product under a nitrogen blanket.
We have two variants available, squalene with and without vitamin E. Both variants will be under nitrogen blanket. The content of vitamin E, serving as an antioxidant, is between 400 and 600ppm. This amount of vitamin E is not sufficient for immunostimulatory activity.
1. Security of supply
The reliance of animal derived squalene could risk being banned in the future. Non-animal derived squalene offers not only a more sustainable but also a more robust supply chain since it eliminates the supply risk of a shark fishing ban or shark extinction.
2. High purity
Our sustainably sourced Squalene distinguishes itself in terms of purity from other non-shark-derived squalene products available, to our knowledge. Our Squalene not only satisfies the Ph.Eur. monograph requirements with its ≥99% purity but is comparable to shark-derived squalene which equally has a purity >99%, making it well-suited for use in vaccines.
3. Consistency
As a well-controlled fermentation process is used to obtain squalene, there is high consistency, this is low batch-to-batch variability.
4. Sustainability
Our partner Amyris' expertise in synthetic biology in conjunction with our purification excellence gives access to a sustainable source that contributes to an environmentally-friendly production without endangering shark populations which play a key role in marine ecosystems.
The reliance of animal derived squalene could risk being banned in the future. Non-animal derived squalene offers not only a more sustainable but also a more robust supply chain since it eliminates the supply risk of a shark fishing ban or shark extinction.
2. High purity
Our sustainably sourced Squalene distinguishes itself in terms of purity from other non-shark-derived squalene products available, to our knowledge. Our Squalene not only satisfies the Ph.Eur. monograph requirements with its ≥99% purity but is comparable to shark-derived squalene which equally has a purity >99%, making it well-suited for use in vaccines.
3. Consistency
As a well-controlled fermentation process is used to obtain squalene, there is high consistency, this is low batch-to-batch variability.
4. Sustainability
Our partner Amyris' expertise in synthetic biology in conjunction with our purification excellence gives access to a sustainable source that contributes to an environmentally-friendly production without endangering shark populations which play a key role in marine ecosystems.
Vaccines for a more sustainable future
EXCLUSIVE WHITEPAPER
The vaccines of tomorrow revolve around sustainable supply chains and access to scalable commercial supplies that do not put undue pressure on the natural environment. It is our responsibility to future-proof vaccines by focusing on longevity in our processes. With combined global efforts, we can enhance the global health infrastructure, leading us to develop better vaccines against more diseases and supporting our preparedness for future outbreaks.
We believe that global collaborations are the cornerstone of creating a greener planet. Let's do all we can today, to generate a sustainable future we're proud of.
Sustainable vaccines
We envision a future where everyone gets the vaccines they need. This reality relies on maintaining vaccine access and continuing to innovate in this realm. The responsibility is on us all to not only select sustainable ingredients, but to secure supply chains and sources that will not deplete in the future.
Adjuvant Systems
Your partner for modern vaccine development. Our unique GMP portfolio and outstanding expertise can meet your adjuvant needs. Collaborate with our scientists to create the vaccines of tomorrow.
Sustainable saponins (2024)
As we look to become more nature positive, we’re proud to be able to offer our next-generation QS 21 and support global sustainability efforts. Our next-generation QS 21 is based on plant tissue culture, which makes the process more efficient and sustainably sourced.